Consider the Ethics of Your Research

Sample Answer

Introduction

A research paper should begin with an outline that includes several sections. Regardless of the nature of the research, when writing a paper an outline will help to not only organize one’s thoughts but also serve as the template for the entire paper (Silverman, 2016). Research methodology is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys, and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information (Silverman, 2016). Some important aspects of a research paper include sample size, method of data collection, and reporting process (Silverman, 2016). When reporting the results, the participants should remain anonymous.

Sample

Inclusivity removes biases because no participant is left out during the entire process. The researcher must be responsive to the needs of everyone who participates in the research (Silverman, 2016). Individuals used as samples should be included regardless of their racial/ethnic background (Walliman, 2017). The researcher will create and implement programs using our awareness of cultural differences and treat all clients with respect. To achieve inclusivity, samples should be collected across cultures, departments, and illnesses (Silverman, 2016). It is recognized that cultural diversity exists in multiple dimensions, including differences among pediatric patients. While people cannot heal all divisions and inequities in society, their performances create unique opportunities for cross-cultural individuals (Walliman, 2017).

A sample is the part of the population used in an experiment or survey. In this case, the sample are pediatric patients chosen to take part in the study. To take the appropriate sample, the total size of the population being studied must be considered (AHRQ, 2020). Large sample sizes are needed for a statistic to be accurate and reliable, especially if its findings are to be extrapolated to a larger population or group of data. Since the research will be performed within a hospital, there might be a large number of pediatric patients (Silverman, 2016). all the patients might not be included in the study due to financial issues. Since the patients must be managed within the hospital for a period of time, there might be limited space to contain the whole population (AHRQ, 2020). Therefor, a section of patients will be selected for the study.

Participant recruitment is a major challenge in many research studies involving human subjects (AHRQ, 2020). Recruitment involves several activities, including identifying eligible participants, adequately explaining the study to the potential participants, recruiting an adequate sample based on study goals and design, obtaining informed consent and maintaining ethical standards, and retaining participants until study completion (AHRQ, 2020). Only eligible participants will be recruited. All potential participants must receive adequate explanation if the study before their decision. Random sampling method might be used to eliminate bias and stereotypic ideas.

Both written and verbal consent for participation in research must involve an informed consent process. Informed consent involves an education and information exchange that takes place between the researcher and the potential subject (Manti & Licari, 2018). Sometimes the information to be imparted to potential subjects is complex or possibly distressful and may require some time for it to be absorbed and appreciated. Therefore, the participants must be given sometimes to understand the process before the consent sigh is required (Manti & Licari, 2018). The consent form must be written in a language that is easily understood by the subjects. Since children may not make their own decision, the consent letter is directed to their parents or guardians (Manti & Licari, 2018).

Data collection

Confidentiality involves the protection of vital information regarding participants. In this case, these subjects include the pediatric patients along with their parents or guardians (Silverman, 2016). Confidentiality is addressed during data cleaning. Researchers remove identifiers to create a “clean” data set. A clean data set does not contain information that identifies respondents, such as a name or address (such identifying information might be stored elsewhere, in separate, protected files) (AHRQ, 2020). Patients can be provided unique identification numbers such as client number 1, 2, 3, and so forth. The patient’s real numbers and confidential data are stored safely, out of reach of unauthorized individuals. The HIPAA privacy standards must be strictly followed to ensure patients privacy (AHRQ, 2020).

Collecting data is a crucial part of the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process and questionnaires are perhaps the most common data collection tool used for this purpose in the non-profit sector (Goldenberg, 2016). For many organizations, there is a reliance on using staff and/or volunteers to collect data and deploy questionnaires and ensuring that these staffs are well trained is crucial to collecting good quality data. Training ensures staff are following good practice principles concerning deploying questionnaires and carrying out observations to improve the quality of data (Silverman, 2016). The staff are trained to maintain confidentiality and support respondents to complete questionnaires.

Reporting

Confidentiality represents a core principle of research ethics and forms a standard practice in social research. Researchers rarely choose to break confidentiality, for several reasons. Breaching confidentiality may expose informants to harm. It also reduces the trust that is required when collecting valuable data, especially in qualitative research and research with vulnerable participants. It is inappropriate to reveal the identity of the patient and what they said. Also, it is not appropriate report data specific to individuals. Data should be reported in general aspect. For instance, one would say that 70 percent of the pediatric patients selected for the study improved when subjected to non-pharmacologic pain management.

Conclusion

A research paper should begin with an outline that includes several sections. Regardless of the nature of the research, when writing a paper an outline will help to not only organize one’s thoughts but also serve as the template for the entire paper. Research methodology is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. inclusivity removes biases because no participant is left out during the entire process. The researcher must be responsive to the needs of everyone who participates in the research. Confidentiality involves the protection of vital information regarding participants. In this case, these subjects include the pediatric patients along with their parents or guardians.

References

• AHRQ . (2020). Participant recruitment for research. Retrieved from https //digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/emerging-lessons/participant-recruitment-research
• Goldenberg, J. N. (2016). The breadth and burden of data collection in clinical practice. Neurology Clinical Practice, 6(1), 81-86.
• Manti, S., & Licari, A. (2018). How to obtain informed consent for research. Breathe, 14(2), 145-152.
• Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Los Angeles Sage.
• Walliman, N. (2017). Research methods The basics. New York, NY Routledge.