Discussion Week 3 Course 4220
University:
Galen College
Discussion Week 3 Course 4220
Paper Instructions
Watch the following video clip
Mike Jay on John Snow and the Soho Cholera Outbreak of 1854 – The Broad?Street Pump Handle and the Birth of EpidemiologyLinks to an external site.
- Based on the findings from the video, please answer the following prompts.
- Identify strategies utilized in the outbreak investigation.
- How is a causal relationship proven? ?What data must be collected to support causal relationships?
Based on your interpretation of causal relationship, did John Snow prove that contaminated drinking water causes cholera??Provide the rationale for your response.
Choose a historic pandemic that affected the world (other than COVID-19). Using epidemiological principles, explain how discovery and response to this pandemic was the same as what John Snow used, as well as different from what John Snow use
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Sample Answer
The strategies employed in the John Snow and the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak include using a geographical grid to record deaths. Dr. Snow investigated each case to determine access to the pump water.
This helped to establish positive proof that the pump water was the source of the cholera epidemic. In addition, Dr. Snow tracked hundreds of cholera cases to close schools, restaurants, businesses, and pubs.
Dr. Snow also examined groups of people who did not get cholera and tracked down if they drank pump water. This was essential information since it enabled Snow to rule out other possible sources of the cholera epidemic in addition to pump water.
A causal relationship is proven through evidence showing a statistical relationship between exposure and outcome. A dose-response relationship between the exposure and the outcome provides solid evidence to prove the causal relationship (Shimonovich et al., 2021).
Dr. Snow proved that contaminated drinking water from the pump caused cholera. From his investigation, he established that coffee shop customers who were served glasses of water from the pump and those who consumed a bubbly drink prepared with water from the pump had contracted cholera.
Furthermore, there were no cholera cases from a workhouse and prison that had its well and sourced water from another source. The Black Death was the first wave of the plague epidemic that swept across Europe in the 1300s. Most communities encountered the plague for the first time and did not know how to respond (Glatter & Finkelman, 2021).
However, various public health measures were instituted similar to what John Snow used, such as Medical inspections. This entailed a plague doctor inspecting suspected cases of plague and isolating the infected and their families in their homes (Glatter & Finkelman, 2021).
John Snow investigated cholera cases and non-affected persons to determine the source of water. Another response measure was controlling the movement of people and goods and restricting ships to ports to prevent cross-infection.
References
- Glatter, K. A., & Finkelman, P. (2021). History of the Plague An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19. The American Journal of Medicine, 134(2), 176–181. https //doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019
- Shimonovich, M., Pearce, A., Thomson, H., Keyes, K., & Katikireddi, S. V. (2021). Assessing causality in epidemiology revisiting Bradford Hill to incorporate developments in causal thinking. European Journal of Epidemiology, 36(9), 873–887. https //doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00703-7
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