NRS 433 PICOT Question and Literature Search
University:
Grand Canyon University
NRS 433 PICOT Question and Literature Search
Paper Instructions
The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.
For this assignment, you will create a clinical guiding question know as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem. To support your PICOT question, identify six supporting peer-revised research articles, as indicated below. The PICOT question and six peer-reviewed research articles you choose will be utilized for subsequent assignments.
Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment.
Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research. Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population. In 200–250 words, provide a summary of the clinical issue.
Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected nursing practice problem area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
The PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project.
Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem.
Note To assist in your search, remove the words qualitative and quantitative and include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic Reviews, Literature Reviews, and Metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
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Sample Answer
Medication errors are among the health issues facing most of the hospital in America in the modern world. According to Mostafa et al., (2020), nurses commit most of the medication errors when compared to any other professional in healthcare. The high rate of prevalence of medication errors they commit is attributed to their large number in the healthcare workforce and them undertaking most of the medical orders. In addition, they spend most of their time in the hospital setting administering medicines to patients.
Medication errors can result in a wide range of adverse health outcomes to the patient, nurses, and the health institution as a whole. They can result in substandard or unsuccessful treatment, adverse events, increase in hospital stays and even death. Medication errors can also result in new health problems that demand the use of new treatments. Medication errors also increase the legal issues in an institution of healthcare. Patients tend to sue their nurses as well as healthcare institutions for negligence.
The reputation of the nurses and the hospital are also threatened by the rise in the incidences of medication errors. A decline in reputation also translates into mistrust among the patients on the safety of care they receive. Educational programs have proven effective in reducing the incidences of medication errors in nursing. They increase the situational awareness among the nurses alongside their ability to identify and respond to errors (Mostafa et al., 2020).
Despite this evidence, there is little utilization of educational strategies to prevent medication errors in nursing in most of health institutions. Therefore, the proposed project aims at utilizing educational programs to reduce the rates of medication errors committed by the nurses.
PICOT Question
In medical and surgical units nurses, does the use of educational programs reduce the rates of medication errors committed by nurses when compared to its no use in 10 weeks?
Please contact me on the Private Forum with this PICOT question as it has errors.
- Who is the population? The nursing practice change is too vague.
- Time frame is longer than the Capstone class which is only 10 weeks.
- The project cannot extend past the end of the Capstone class.
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article |
Mostafa, L. S., Sabri, N. A., El-Anwar, A. M., & Shaheen, S. M. (2020). Evaluation of pharmacist-led educational interventions to reduce medication errors in emergency hospitals a new insight into patient care. Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 169-174. Retrieved from https //academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/42/1/169/5273174 | Schnock, K. O., Dykes, P. C., Albert, J., Ariosto, D., Cameron, C., Carroll, D. L., … & Husch, M. (2018). A Multi-hospital Before–After Observational Study Using a Point-Prevalence Approach with an Infusion Safety Intervention Bundle to Reduce Intravenous Medication Administration Errors. Drug safety, 41(6), 591-602. Retrieved from https //link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40264-018-0637-3 | Lapkin, S., Levett‐Jones, T., Chenoweth, L., & Johnson, M. (2016). The effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce medication administration errors a synthesis of findings from systematic reviews. Journal of nursing management, 24(7), 845-858. https //doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12390 |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | It provides insight into the importance of educational programs in addressing medication errors committed by nurses in hospital settings | The article shows that the introduction of educational interventions can be effective in preventing medicine administration errors in hospitals | The article shows that educational interventions are part of the strategies that can be adopted in the clinical settings to address the issue of medication errors. |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | Quantitative. It was a prospective pre-post interventional research. Quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. | Quantitative. It was a pre and post observational study. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis were used. | Quantitative. It was a quantitative systematic review of existing articles on the different strategies that can be utilized to prevent medication errors in healthcare |
| Purpose Statement | To examine the effect of pharmacist-led educational program in reducing medication errors committed by nurses in an emergency department | To determine the effectiveness of infusion safety educational bundle on medication errors | To investigate the effectiveness of interventions used to reduce medication administration errors |
| Research Question | What is the effect of pharmacist-led educational interventions on reducing medication errors in emergency hospital? | What is the effect of the infusion safety intervention bundle on medication administration errors? | What is the effectiveness of the interventions used to reduce medication administration errors? |
| Outcome | The outcome was a reduction in the medication errors in pre and post interventional groups | Reduction in medication administration errors and rates of harmful errors | The outcome of focus was the reduction of medication administration errors with the use of different strategies |
| Setting (Where did the study take place?) | Emergency hospital in Cairo, Egypt | Selected hospitals in the US | Not applicable since it was a systematic review |
| Sample | 1024 patients in pre-interventional group and 1025 patients in post interventional group | 418 patients during the pre-intervention period and 422 patients in the post intervention period | 16 systematic reviews |
| Method | Nurses were trained on correct administration of medications. They were then assigned full responsibility of carrying out all the drug-related tasks such as medication administration. | The data was obtained during pre-intervention period, during intervention development, and after the intervention. Observation of the nurses while administering medications was done to identify any errors. The errors were used to develop infusion safety intervention that nurses were trained about its use in medication administration. | Methodological quality of the selected articles was done. The scores of the articles were computed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. This allowed the characterization of the quality of each of the selected systematic review |
| Key Findings of the Study | The program resulted in the reduction in medication errors from 34.2% in the pre-intervention phase to 15.3% in the post-intervention group. | The error rates dropped from 146 per 100 medications to 123 per 100-medication administration. There a decline in the error rate from 39 to 29 in every 100 medication administrations. | The analyzed evidence revealed that combination of education as well as risk management strategies are effective in reducing the risk of medication errors |
| Recommendations of the Researcher | Educational intervention programs such as that used in this research is effective in reducing the severity as well as rate of medication administration errors. | Educational interventions can be utilized to develop policy guidelines to be used in preventing medication errors. | There is a need to explore the effectiveness of combining education and risk management strategies in the prevention of medication errors. |
| Criteria | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article |
Rishoej, R. M., Lai Nielsen, H., Strzelec, S. M., Fritsdal Refer, J., Allermann Beck, S., Gramstrup, H. M., … & Almarsdóttir, A. B. (2018). Qualitative exploration of practices to prevent medication errors in neonatal intensive care units a focus group study. Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 9(7), 343-353. doi 10.1177/2042098618771541 | Dyab, E. A., Elkalmi, R. M., Bux, S. H., & Jamshed, S. Q. (2018). Exploration of nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers towards medication error reporting in a tertiary health care facility A qualitative approach. Pharmacy, 6(4), 120. https //www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/6/4/120 | Alharbi, W., Cleland, J., & Morrison, Z. (2019). Addressing medication errors in an adult oncology department in Saudi Arabia A qualitative study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(5), 650-654. https //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6598207/ |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | It shows the efficacy of utilizing educational programs in combination with other strategies in reducing medication errors | The article shows that nurses understand the existence of medical reporting errors in their practice. However, they face significant barriers that limit their ability to report them. Therefore, educational strategies should be utilized to raise their level of awareness and respond to issues related to medication errors. | It provides insights into the effectiveness of the different evidence-based strategies that can be used to prevent medication errors. The use of educational programs is among the interventions that was explored. |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | Qualitative. This can be seen from its methods such as the use of focus groups. | Qualitative. Data methods such as inductive thematic analysis were used. | Qualitative. Data was collected using audio-taped focused group discussions. |
| Purpose Statement | To find out the current as well as future practices that can be used to prevent medication errors in neonatal intensive care units. | To explore the knowledge, perceived barriers, and attitudes of nurses towards error reporting in a tertiary health care facility | To find out the strategies that can be used to address medication errors in oncology department in Saudi Arabia |
| Research Question | What are the current and future practices utilized to prevent medication errors in neonatal intensive care units? | What are the nurses’ knowledge, perceived barriers, and attitudes towards error reporting in a tertiary health care facility | What strategies that can be used to address medication errors in oncology department in Saudi Arabia? |
| Outcome | Effect of the interventions on medication errors | Knowledge, attitude and barriers towards medical error reporting | Reduction in medication errors |
| Setting (Where did the study take place?) | Three neonatal ICUs in Denmark | Malaysia | Saudi Arabia |
| Sample | Physicians and nurses Missing population number | 23 nurses | 27 healthcare providers |
| Method | Focus group interviews were performed with physician and nurses. Thematic analysis of their information was done. | Semi-structured interviews were conducted and audio-taped for transcription and thematic analysis | A stratified purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The participants took part in focused group discussions that provided the data needed for the research. Thematic analysis of data was done using NVIVO pro software. |
| Key Findings of the Study | There exist several practices that can be utilized in preventing medication errors. However, future practices should focus on standardizing processes, training nurses and other care providers, and encouraging teamwork in the utilization of pharmacy services. | The nurses were aware of the existence of medical errors in reporting. However, they did not express them due to barriers such as workload and fear of investigation. therefore, there is a need for educational programs to stress the need for reporting harmless errors in medical error reporting. | Improving staff education, organizational support, and communication can help in reducing the risk of medication errors in the department. |
| Recommendations of the Researcher | Technical and non-technical approaches should be utilized to address the issue of medication errors in the clinical settings. | Educational support programs should be provided to address issues related to medication errors. | Multiple strategies, including the use of educational programs should be utilized to improve medication safety in oncology departments. |
References
- Alharbi, W., Cleland, J., & Morrison, Z. (2019). Addressing medication errors in an adult oncology department in Saudi Arabia A qualitative study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(5), 650-654.
- Dyab, E. A., Elkalmi, R. M., Bux, S. H., & Jamshed, S. Q. (2018). Exploration of nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers towards medication error reporting in a tertiary health care facility A qualitative approach. Pharmacy, 6(4), 120.
- Lapkin, S., Levett‐Jones, T., Chenoweth, L., & Johnson, M. (2016). The effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce medication administration errors a synthesis of findings from systematic reviews. Journal of nursing management, 24(7), 845-858. https //doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12390
- Mostafa, L. S., Sabri, N. A., El-Anwar, A. M., & Shaheen, S. M. (2020). Evaluation of pharmacist-led educational interventions to reduce medication errors in emergency hospitals a new insight into patient care. Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 169-174.
- Mostafa, L. S., Sabri, N. A., El-Anwar, A. M., & Shaheen, S. M. (2020). Evaluation of pharmacist-led educational interventions to reduce medication errors in emergency hospitals a new insight into patient care. Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 169-174. Retrieved from https //academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/42/1/169/5273174
- Rishoej, R. M., Lai Nielsen, H., Strzelec, S. M., Fritsdal Refer, J., Allermann Beck, S., Gramstrup, H. M., … & Almarsdóttir, A. B. (2018). Qualitative exploration of practices to prevent medication errors in neonatal intensive care units a focus group study. Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 9(7), 343-353. doi 10.1177/2042098618771541
- Schnock, K. O., Dykes, P. C., Albert, J., Ariosto, D., Cameron, C., Carroll, D. L., … & Husch, M. (2018). A Multi-hospital Before–After Observational Study Using a Point-Prevalence Approach with an Infusion Safety Intervention Bundle to Reduce Intravenous Medication Administration Errors. Drug safety, 41(6), 591-602. Retrieved from https //link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40264-018-0637-3
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