NUR 705 Assignment 8.2 Final Project Outline

Sample Answer

Introduction

According to a systematic review and meta-analysis of case management studies for patients with chronic diseases, case management is effective in improving clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. The systematic review included 33 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results showed that case management was associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes (e.g., blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid levels) and patient satisfaction. In addition, case management was also found to be cost effective. These findings suggest that case management is an effective intervention for patients with chronic diseases.

There is evidence that supports the effectiveness of case management for patients with chronic diseases. A study by Wagner et al found that participants in a case management intervention had significantly improved health outcomes compared to those who did not receive the intervention. The study showed that participants in the case management intervention group had better self-reported health status, fewer unmet needs, and improved perceived social support when compared to those in the control group.

Topic of Interest

From my experience, case management is an effective way to help patients with chronic diseases. By working with a case manager, patients can develop a better understanding of their condition and learn how to effectively manage it. Case managers also help coordinate care between different providers, which can be crucial for patients with chronic diseases. In addition, case managers can provide education and support to patients and their families about dealing with chronic disease. Overall, I believe that case management is an effective tool for helping patients with chronic diseases.

If you or someone you know has a chronic condition, I encourage you to look into case management services. Through case management, health care professionals help patients develop care plans that coordinate and integrate support services that patients require to enhance recovery and other positive outcomes (Giardino & De Jesus, 2020). The family is also involved in developing the plan.

Why The Topic Was Chosen

This research topic evaluates the effectiveness of case management in patients with chronic diseases, specifically hypertension and diabetes. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effectiveness of case management interventions for patients with hypertension or diabetes. The following databases were searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library.

The effectiveness of case management for patients with chronic diseases is interesting to consider because case management has been shown to improve patient outcomes. In a study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), those who received case management had significant reductions in hospital admissions and emergency department visits, when compared to those who did not receive case management.

This improvement in patient outcomes can likely be attributed to the fact that case management provides patients with support and education tailored specifically to their needs. Patients participating in a case management program are more likely to have an accurate understanding of their disease, which allows them to better manage their own care. This improved self-management often leads to better health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases.

Overview of The Topic

The study’s authors note that the findings support the use of case management for patients with chronic diseases, as it can lead to improved clinical outcomes. Patients with chronic diseases would likely benefit from case management services. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of case management in helping patients with chronic diseases manage their condition and improve their health outcomes.

An increasing number of healthcare organizations are implementing case management programs and seeing positive results (Davis et al., 2021). One study found that patients who participated in a case management program for chronic disease had significantly lower hospitalization rates than those who did not participate in the program. Participants also had better self-care behaviors and improved communication with their healthcare providers.

Another study found that case management increased medication adherence for patients with diabetes, leading to better glycemic control and a reduction in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications.

How the Topic of Interest Was Studied in The Two Individual Quantitative Studies Selected

The two studies that have received ethics approval will provide new information about the facilitators and barriers to Case Management implementation in various primary care jurisdictions, as well as explain how and why different mechanisms operate in different contexts to produce different outcomes among frequent users. From the viewpoints of all stakeholders, consensus and prioritized statements on future initiatives for the spread of CM in primary care will be offered.

Our findings will provide context-sensitive explanations that will help to enhance the health of people with complex healthcare requirements who regularly utilize healthcare services by better informing local practices and regulations. In the end, this will improve the performance of healthcare systems while also reducing inefficient usage and expenses. There are two main quantitative studies that are important in analyzing the effectiveness of case management for patients with chronic diseases.

The first study is the relapse rate, which evaluates how often patients who have been discharged from the hospital or other facility and have been getting case management services experience a relapse of their illness (Hudon et al., 2018). This information is important in order to gauge whether or not case management is actually helping patients to stay healthy and avoid costly hospitalizations.

Quantitative Study 1

There is a body of evidence to suggest that nurse–led services can play an important role in managing chronic diseases, providing continuity of care and patient education at the primary-secondary interface. Nurse-led services improved a number of key health outcomes for people with chronic disease, including blood pressure, glycaemic control and lipid levels. The review also found that nurse-led services led to higher rates of patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment programs.

According to the study, Adult nurse-led services offer integrated treatments that enhance continuity of care for patients with chronic illness in both primary and secondary healthcare settings, and have been linked to fewer hospitalizations or readmissions, as well as higher patient satisfaction. However, determining connections between treatments, clinical outcomes, and appropriate care as a particular outcome was difficult due to the limited use of established continuity of care outcome measuring instruments.

A quantitative systematic review is a type of literature review that uses mathematical methods to analyze data from a number of studies on a particular topic. This type of review is considered to be more rigorous and reliable than a traditional systematic review, which relies on qualitative analysis of data. Descriptive statistics are methods used to summarize data. This usually involves finding the mean, median, mode, and range. T-test statistics are used to test hypotheses about whether two group means are equal.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a tool used to statistically compare two or more group means. Nurse-led services were linked to a 2-8.9% reduction in hospitalizations and a 14.8-51 percent reduction in re-admissions (n=886). Positive patient experiences, as well as improvements in symptoms and lifestyle, were reported.

Adult nurse-led services offer organized treatments that enhance continuity of care for patients with chronic illness. By providing holistic care and ensuring timely communication between nurses and other health professionals, patients receive the best possible support and are less likely to experience treatment setbacks. Chronic illnesses can be extremely complex, so it’s vital that all members of the health care team work together to provide coordinated care.

Nurse-led services can help to ensure that patients receive the right treatments at the right time, which can improve their quality of life and may even lead to a reduced need for hospitalization. Continuity of care for patients with chronic illness. Nurse-led services can offer a more patient-centered approach to care, allowing for a more holistic treatment plan that takes into account the patient’s lifestyle and individual needs.

By providing coordinated, organized treatments, nurse-led services can help ensure that patients receive the best possible care and experience fewer gaps in their treatment plan.

Quantitative Study 2

Case management (CM) has been shown in the literature to be an effective strategy for improving care for people with complicated healthcare requirements. However, little research has been done on the drivers and challenges to CM implementation in primary care. The study’s 3 particular objectives are to:

1. Distinguish the barriers and facilitators to CM implementation in primary care settings throughout Canada.
2. Describe and understand the connection between the actors, contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of the CM intervention .
3. Determine the next steps toward CM spread in primary care across Canada.

According to a survey by the National Association of Health Care Professionals, the average case management rate for healthcare services is about $50 per hour. However, this varies depending on the type and complexity of care required. For example, case management for patients with chronic illnesses or multiple medical conditions typically costs more than care for patients with a single illness.

How the Topic of Interest Was Studied in The Two Individual Qualitative Studies Selected

Qualitative study 1 provides a qualitative systematic review of case management with chronic illnesses. Qualitative systematic reviews are designed to provide an overview of all the qualitative research that has been conducted on a given topic.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of case management from the perspectives of people living with chronic illnesses. Twelve studies were included in the review, and the findings suggest that case management can be beneficial for people living with chronic illnesses.
Participants reported feeling more supported and in control after receiving case management, and they felt that case managers helped them to better manage their illness.

Case managers were also found to be helpful in connecting participants with resources and support networks. Overall, these findings suggest that case management can be beneficial for people with chronic diseases (Joo & Liu, 2018).

Qualitative Study 1

There is a growing body of evidence that people with chronic diseases and their carers perceive case management treatments differently from other health care professionals. In general, people with chronic diseases and their carers are more likely to see case management as a way to improve their quality of life and reduce the burden on their families. Research has shown that people with chronic diseases and their carers often feel that they are not involved in decision-making about their care, which can lead to frustration and feeling powerless.

This study found that nearly half of all patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) felt that they had not been involved enough in decisions about their care. Thematic analysis is a qualitative research methodology that involves the identification, extraction, and interpretation of data related to a particular theme or topic (Hisashige, 2019). This approach can be used to analyze a wide range of data sources, including textual data, images, and videos.

This qualitative systematic review employs a theme synthesis technique to examine ten qualitative studies published in the previous ten years, from 2007 to 2016, in order to identify and explore the perceptions of case management held by people with chronic diseases and their carers. The insights concerning case management hurdles may be utilized to change case management for chronically sick people. When adopting case management, nursing researchers and healthcare officials should take these variables into account.

Case management is an effective way to help patients with chronic diseases. By working with a case manager, patients can develop a better understanding of their condition and learn how to effectively manage it. Case managers also help coordinate care between different providers, which can be crucial for patients with chronic diseases. In addition, case managers can provide education and support to patients and their families about dealing with chronic disease.

Qualitative Study 2

Thematic analysis was used to identify and extract relevant data by first identifying the themes present in the data. Next, each theme was examined to identify the specific sub-themes that were present. Finally, the data was extracted for each sub-theme. Thematic analysis is a qualitative research method used to identify and understand the underlying themes in a set of text data. It involves identifying the key ideas or concepts expressed in a text, as well as the relationships between these ideas. This approach can be used to examine both open-ended and closed-ended survey questions, interview transcripts, focus group discussions, or any other type of textual data.

References

• Joo, J. Y., & Liu, M. F. (2018). Experiences of case management with chronic illnesses A qualitative systematic review. International Nursing Review, 65(1), 102-113 https //doi.org/10.1111/inr.12429.
• Hisashige, A. (2019). The effectiveness and efficiency of disease management programs for patients with chronic diseases. Global journal of health science, 5(2), 27. https //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776791/
• Davis, K. M., Eckert, M. C., Hutchinson, A., Harmon, J., Sharplin, G., Shakib, S., & Caughey, G. E. (2021). Effectiveness of nurse–led services for people with chronic disease in achieving an outcome of continuity of care at the primary-secondary healthcare interface A quantitative systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 121, 103986. https //doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103986
• Hudon, C., Chouinard, M. C., Aubrey-Bassler, K., Burge, F., Doucet, S., Ramsden, V. R., … & Pluye, P. (2018). Case management in primary care for frequent users of healthcare services with chronic diseases and complex care needs an implementation and realist evaluation protocol. BMJ open, 8(11), e026433. http //dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026433